technology companies, international law firms, and global financial institutions, university presidents and 18 living billionaires.[12] Contents [hide]

University Policy").[8]
All of Penn's schools exhibit very high research activity. Penn is consistently included among the top five research universities in the United States,[9] and among the top research universities in the world, for both quality and quantity of research.[10] In fiscal year 2011, Penn topped the Ivy League in academic research spending with an $814 million budget, involving some 4,000 faculty, 1,100 postdoctoral fellows and 5,400 support staff/graduate assistants.[2] As one of the most active and prolific research institutions, Penn is associated with several important innovations and discoveries in many fields of science and the humanities. Among them are the first general purpose electronic computer (ENIAC), the Rubella and Hepatitis B vaccines, Retin-A, cognitive therapy, conjoint analysis and others.
Penn's academic and research programs are led by a large and highly productive faculty.[11] In the last ten years alone 9 Penn faculty members or graduates have won a Nobel Prize. Over its long history the university has also produced many distinguished alumni. These include 12 heads of state (including one U.S. President), 3 United States Supreme Court justices, and supreme court justices of other states, founders of technology companies, international law firms, and global financial institutions, university presidents and 18 living billionaires.[12]
Contents  [hide]
1 History
1.1 Educational innovations
1.2 Motto
1.3 Seal
2 Campus
2.1 Libraries
2.2 The University Museum
2.3 Residences
3 Academics
3.1 Coordinated dual-degree and interdisciplinary programs
3.2 Academic medical center and biomedical research complex
3.3 Admissions selectivity
4 Research, innovations, and discoveries
5 Rankings
6 Student life
6.1 Demographics
6.2 Selected student organizations
6.3 The Daily Pennsylvanian
7 Athletics
7.1 Rowing
7.2 Rugby
7.3 Football
7.4 Basketball
7.5 Facilities